POLYESTER FIBRE

POLYESTER FIBER 

1.  Polyester is a synthetic fibre made from petroleum-based chemicals. 
2. Its name is shortened to represent a synthetic man-made polymer and is commonly known as a PET (polyethylene terephthalate).
3. Polyester has a long history, dating back to the early 1900s. However, it wasn’t until the 1950s that it became widely used in textiles
4. It’s created by combining long chains of synthetic polymers to form a fibre that is typically used to make clothing, upholstery, and carpeting.
5. In the 1970s’, polyester was marketed as a miracle fabric that was wearable for over 65 days straight without ironing whilst still looking presentable. 
6.  polyester is one of the most common fabrics in the world and has many great qualities.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 

MANUFACTURING PROCESS 

• The procedure of creating polyester filament begins with the reaction of ethylene glycol with dimethyl terephthalate at extensive heat. This composition results in a monomer. 
• Further addition of dimethyl terephthalate with the resulting monomer to create a polymer.
• This molten polyester polymer is extruded from the reaction chamber in long stripes and these stripes are allowed to cool and dry and then they are broken apart into small pieces.
• Polyester basically go through melt spinning system. The resulting chips are then melted again to create a honey like substance which is extruded through spinneret to create filament.
•  The fibers are then transferred to winding machine and produce a sliver that looks like noodles. 
• Then the slivers are taken to the creel stage. This creel is the first stage of drawing section. Into the roller of drawing machine, the slivers are drafted in several steps by using chemicals like lubricant and titanium dioxide. 
• Then we get 1.4 denier primary fiber. This primary fiber automatically runs into the dryer to get moisture free smooth fiber. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBRE 

1. Fibers are extremely strong.
2. Very durable.
3. Resistant to most chemicals.
4. Stretching and shrinking.
5. Wrinkle resistant.
6. Mildew and abrasion resistant.
7. Hydrophobic in Nature 
8. Quick drying.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 

1. Thickness : 1.2D, 1.5D , 2.0D
2. Color : white
3. Length : Variable cut lengths
4. Density : 1.38 g/cc
5. Tenacity : high, 40 to 80 cN/tex
6. Moisture regain : 0.4 % (at 65% R.H and 20°C)
7. Elongation : high, 15 to 45%
8. Flame reaction : melts, shrinks, black fumes
9. Melting point : 260°C
10. Appearances - smooth round 
11. Initial modules : 100 gpd
12. Elastic recovery : 97% 2% extension 
13. Glass transition temperature : 75-78%
14. LOI : 19 % 
15. Softing temperature : 150°C 

APPLICATION 

1. Polyester fabric has properties that make it ideal for use as clothing as it is both breathable and stain-resistant.
2. Polyester’s stain resistance makes it an excellent material for furniture coverings.
3. Polyester is used in reinforcing carcasses throughout the conveyor belt due to its durability and tensile strength.
4. Polyester has excellent tensile strength, especially when woven into a dense textile.
5. Padding Upholstery, Cushioning, and Insulating Gloves & mitts. 
6. Polyester is used for disposable plastic bottles due to its resistance to microorganisms and does not degrade biologically.
7. Sports Gear, Sportswear, Upholstery, Covers, and Table Cloths.

REFERENCE: 

http://https://www.textileschool.com/amp/448/man-made-regenerated-cellulose-fibres/

http://https://textileengineering.net/natural-fibres-types-classification-properties-and-uses/

http://https://sewport.com/fabrics-directory/spandex-fabric

http://https://goonveanfibres.com/news-insights/news/the-pros-cons-of-polyester/